5 Causes of Cancer: Understanding the Risk Factors

Cancer is still a huge health concern globally or rather is today a leading cause of death that has affected millions of people across the world. Knowledge of what leads to the formation of cancer can in a way help the people change their ways to minimize such occurrences. From this article, we are going to understand how the following factors cause cancer, the 5 main ones.

Genetic Mutations and Family History

One of the primary causes of cancer is genetic mutations. These mutations can be inherited from your parents or acquired throughout your lifetime due to environmental factors. Inherited genetic mutations are responsible for about 5-10% of all cancers. For example, mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes significantly increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers. A family history of cancer also plays a crucial role; if close relatives have had cancer, your risk may be higher due to shared genetic factors.

Lifestyle Choices

Tobacco use, poor diets, sedentary life and increase intake of alcohol are known to increase one’s chances of getting cancer. Smoking, and corruption of foods, lack of exercise, and drinking alcohol are now widely known to increase chances of cancer. For example, smoking is the prime reason for lung cancer and it is also associated with mouth, throat, pancreatic and bladder cancer. Intake of processed meats and an intake of low fruits and vegetables increases the chances of getting colorectal and other cancers. Physical inactivity and obesity are other factors that have been proven to pull down the cancer risk.

Environmental and Occupational Exposures

There are environmental and occupational risk factors that contribute to development of cancer. Cancer causing agents also come in different form an example is chemical, radiation and materials like asbestos. This is because skin cancer and particularly the melanoma is influenced by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Also, working with performing certain types of chemicals at the workplace like benzene and formaldehyde leads to some types of cancer like leukemia, nasal cancer, etc.

Infections and Viruses

Certain infections and viruses are known to increase the risk of cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV), for example, is a major cause of cervical cancer and is also linked to cancers of the throat, anus, and genitals. Hepatitis B and C viruses are associated with liver cancer, while the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been linked to lymphoma. Vaccination and safe practices can help reduce the risk of cancer associated with these infections.

Age and Hormonal Factors

Age is a significant factor in cancer risk, as the likelihood of developing cancer increases as you get older. This is partly due to the accumulation of genetic mutations over time. Hormonal factors also play a role, especially in cancers such as breast, prostate, and ovarian cancer. For instance, prolonged exposure to estrogen, whether naturally or through hormone replacement therapy, can increase the risk of breast cancer. Similarly, elevated levels of testosterone are linked to prostate cancer.

Conclusion

Understanding the causes of cancer is essential in taking proactive steps toward prevention. While some factors, like genetics, are beyond our control, many lifestyle and environmental factors can be managed to reduce the risk. By staying informed and making healthy choices, you can lower your chances of developing cancer and contribute to a healthier future.